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France and Morocco: A Diplomatic Reset Amid Historic Tensions and New Opportunities

France and Morocco renew ties with $10B in deals, marking a diplomatic reset amid past tensions over immigration, Western Sahara, and human rights

The diplomatic relationship between France and Morocco has gone through considerable challenges over the past few years, but President Emmanuel Macron's recent visit to Morocco signifies a breakthrough, potentially marking a new era of cooperation. This visit comes after years of rising tensions over issues related to immigration, political influence, and the Western Sahara dispute, which had nearly severed diplomatic ties. With the signing of deals valued at over $10 billion during this visit, Macron has not only improved France's standing in Morocco but also scored a diplomatic win in Africa, a continent where France's influence has been waning.

Historical Background

France and Morocco share a long history, heavily marked by French colonial influence. From 1912 to 1956, Morocco was a French protectorate, a period during which France exerted significant political and economic control over the region. Following Morocco’s independence, relations between the two nations were mostly stable, with France retaining a degree of influence in Moroccan affairs. However, in recent years, this relationship became increasingly strained as France’s policies on immigration and its stance in regional conflicts, like that of Western Sahara, clashed with Morocco's national interests.

Key Tensions in Recent Years

Immigration Dispute (2021): 

In 2021, France significantly reduced the number of visas issued to Moroccan citizens as a means to pressure Morocco into repatriating undocumented Moroccans residing in France. This move strained diplomatic ties as Morocco saw it as heavy-handed. In response, Morocco suspended consular relations with France, a major diplomatic setback for both countries.

Western Sahara Conflict:

Western Sahara is a disputed region, with Morocco claiming sovereignty over it, while the indigenous Polisario Front, backed by Algeria, seeks independence for the territory. France initially supported Algeria’s position, which strained relations with Morocco. This tension was exacerbated by France's position on the Western Sahara issue, with Morocco expecting greater support from its former ally.

Human Rights Criticism:

 In 2023, the European Union Parliament passed a resolution condemning Morocco's government for alleged harassment of journalists and activists. France's support for the EU resolution led Morocco to withdraw its ambassador from Paris, deepening the rift. This move was perceived by Morocco as interference in its internal affairs and further strained bilateral ties.

Macron's Diplomatic Reset

Recognizing the need to mend relations, Macron began taking steps toward reconciliation in 2023, including a public commitment to repair the Franco-Moroccan relationship. A critical turning point came when Macron changed his stance on the Western Sahara conflict in July 2023, expressing support for Morocco’s claim to the region. This shift was well-received in Morocco and created an opportunity for both nations to rebuild their relationship.

The Recent Visit: Economic Cooperation and Diplomatic Success

During Macron's visit to Rabat, Morocco’s King Mohammed VI welcomed him personally, symbolizing a warm reunion and a diplomatic reset. The visit was marked by the signing of 22 agreements, spanning sectors such as transportation, renewable energy, and infrastructure, totaling over $10 billion.

Key agreements include:

• High-Speed Rail: 

 Morocco will acquire 12 high-speed trains from French company Alstom, with an option to purchase more. This move aims to modernize Morocco's transportation network, a field in which France has expertise.

• Green Energy Initiatives: 

Total Energies, a French multinational, will collaborate with Morocco to produce green hydrogen, supporting Morocco’s renewable energy goals and bolstering France's role in sustainable development in North Africa.

Implications for France and Morocco

For Morocco:  

The agreements strengthen Morocco’s infrastructure and green energy initiatives, which are central to its development goals. Macron’s support for Morocco’s claim over Western Sahara also enhances Morocco's diplomatic position in the region, especially in its rivalry with Algeria.

For France: 

 Macron’s visit is seen as a strategic move to reassert French influence in North Africa. France has faced a decline in influence in its former African colonies due to increased competition from other global powers and its own political missteps. This renewed relationship with Morocco could serve as a model for France’s approach to other African nations, where economic and diplomatic partnerships could be prioritized over heavy-handed interventions.

For the Region: 
 Macron’s backing of Morocco’s sovereignty over Western Sahara reshapes the diplomatic dynamics between Morocco, Algeria, and France. This decision could lead to a shift in alliances and influence in North Africa, potentially intensifying competition for political and economic power in the region.

Challenges Ahead

While this visit marks a positive step, France faces challenges in maintaining and expanding its influence. Macron’s approach signals a need for France to adapt its relationships with former colonies, respecting their sovereignty while fostering mutually beneficial partnerships. Macron’s diplomatic efforts in Morocco may pave the way for future engagements in Africa, but they must be backed by long-term commitment and sensitivity to the complex political landscapes across the continent.

In summary, Macron’s recent visit to Morocco and the resulting agreements highlight a significant diplomatic achievement for France, signaling renewed cooperation and an opportunity to reset its African relationships. This breakthrough serves as both a strategic win for Macron domestically and a chance for France to rebuild its standing in Africa. However, sustaining this renewed influence will require careful navigation of Africa's evolving geopolitical landscape and a deeper respect for the autonomy of its partners.